<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><placename>  <system>China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University</system>  <license>CC BY-NC 4.0</license>  <uri>http://tgaz.fudan.edu.cn/tgaz/placename/hvd_32819</uri> <spellings>    <spelling>      <written-form script="traditional Chinese">長沙郡</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <written-form script="simplified Chinese">长沙郡</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <transcription system="Pinyin">Changsha Jun</transcription>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>  </spellings>  <feature-type>    <name>郡</name>    <alternate-name>郡</alternate-name>    <transcription>jun</transcription>    <translation lang="en">commandery</translation>  </feature-type>  <temporal>    <begin>37</begin>    <begin-rule>4</begin-rule>    <end>588</end>    <end-rule>4</end-rule>  </temporal>  <spatial>    <object-type>POINT</object-type>    <xy-type>point</xy-type>    <latitude-direction>N</latitude-direction>    <degrees-latitude>28.19820</degrees-latitude>    <longitude-direction>E</longitude-direction>    <degrees-longitude>112.97813</degrees-longitude>    <geo-source>FROM_AC</geo-source>    <present-location> 湖南长沙市城区    </present-location>  </spatial>  <historical-context>    <part-of-relationships>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_113654" from="37" to="187" >        <parent-name>东汉</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Donghan</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30252" from="188" to="189" >        <parent-name>荆州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Jing Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30253" from="190" to="208" >        <parent-name>荆州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Jing Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30254" from="209" to="218" >        <parent-name>荆州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Jing Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30255" from="219" to="306" >        <parent-name>荆州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Jing Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30298" from="307" to="327" >        <parent-name>湘州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Xiang Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30260" from="328" to="328" >        <parent-name>荆州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Jing Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30261" from="329" to="329" >        <parent-name>荆州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Jing Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30262" from="330" to="344" >        <parent-name>荆州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Jing Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30263" from="345" to="351" >        <parent-name>荆州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Jing Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30264" from="352" to="376" >        <parent-name>荆州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Jing Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30265" from="377" to="385" >        <parent-name>荆州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Jing Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30266" from="386" to="411" >        <parent-name>荆州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Jing Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30299" from="412" to="415" >        <parent-name>湘州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Xiang Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30266" from="416" to="421" >        <parent-name>荆州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Jing Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30300" from="422" to="430" >        <parent-name>湘州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Xiang Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30266" from="431" to="438" >        <parent-name>荆州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Jing Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30301" from="439" to="451" >        <parent-name>湘州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Xiang Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30266" from="452" to="452" >        <parent-name>荆州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Jing Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30303" from="453" to="588" >        <parent-name>湘州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Xiang Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>    </part-of-relationships>    <subordinate-units>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_43441" from="23" to="334" >        <name>下隽县</name>        <transcribed-name>Xiajuan Xian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_43441" from="335" to="438" >        <name>下隽县</name>        <transcribed-name>Xiajuan Xian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_41716" from="37" to="588" >        <name>临湘县</name>        <transcribed-name>Linxiang Xian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_41843" from="196" to="256" >        <name>临烝县</name>        <transcribed-name>Lin Xian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_41729" from="196" to="209" >        <name>刘阳县</name>        <transcribed-name>Liuyang Xian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_41729" from="222" to="279" >        <name>刘阳县</name>        <transcribed-name>Liuyang Xian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_42094" from="222" to="538" >        <name>吴昌县</name>        <transcribed-name>Wuchang Xian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_40934" from="37" to="266" >        <name>安城县</name>        <transcribed-name>Ancheng Xian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_40905" from="37" to="95" >        <name>安平县</name>        <transcribed-name>Anping Xian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_42100" from="222" to="438" >        <name>巴陵县</name>        <transcribed-name>Baling Xian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_40906" from="96" to="221" >        <name>平都侯国</name>        <transcribed-name>Pingdu Houguo</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_40907" from="222" to="266" >        <name>平都县</name>        <transcribed-name>Pingdu Xian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_41782" from="222" to="270" >        <name>建宁县</name>        <transcribed-name>Jianning Xian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_41783" from="270" to="588" >        <name>建宁县</name>        <transcribed-name>Jianning Xian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_41761" from="37" to="478" >        <name>攸县</name>        <transcribed-name>You Xian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_41787" from="222" to="256" >        <name>新阳县</name>        <transcribed-name>Xinyang Xian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_42013" from="37" to="167" >        <name>昭陵县</name>        <transcribed-name>Zhaoling Xian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_42093" from="147" to="209" >        <name>汉昌县</name>        <transcribed-name>Hanchang Xian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_41730" from="280" to="588" >        <name>浏阳县</name>        <transcribed-name>Liuyang Xian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_41778" from="125" to="195" >        <name>湘南侯国</name>        <transcribed-name>Xiangnan Houguo</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_41777" from="37" to="124" >        <name>湘南县</name>        <transcribed-name>Xiangnan Xian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_41779" from="195" to="256" >        <name>湘南县</name>        <transcribed-name>Xiangnan Xian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_41748" from="474" to="530" >        <name>湘阴县</name>        <transcribed-name>Xiangyin Xian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_41755" from="37" to="221" >        <name>益阳县</name>        <transcribed-name>Yiyang Xian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_41756" from="222" to="256" >        <name>益阳县</name>        <transcribed-name>Yiyang Xian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_41775" from="37" to="530" >        <name>罗县</name>        <transcribed-name>Luo Xian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_41770" from="37" to="256" >        <name>茶陵县</name>        <transcribed-name>Chaling Xian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_43427" from="223" to="266" >        <name>蒲圻县</name>        <transcribed-name>Puqi Xian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_43427" from="223" to="256" >        <name>蒲圻县</name>        <transcribed-name>Puqi Xian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_43427" from="257" to="279" >        <name>蒲圻县</name>        <transcribed-name>Puqi Xian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_43427" from="267" to="279" >        <name>蒲圻县</name>        <transcribed-name>Puqi Xian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_43428" from="280" to="334" >        <name>蒲圻县</name>        <transcribed-name>Puqi Xian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_43428" from="280" to="298" >        <name>蒲圻县</name>        <transcribed-name>Puqi Xian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_43428" from="299" to="438" >        <name>蒲圻县</name>        <transcribed-name>Puqi Xian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_43428" from="335" to="438" >        <name>蒲圻县</name>        <transcribed-name>Puqi Xian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_41776" from="37" to="256" >        <name>连道县</name>        <transcribed-name>Liandao Xian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_41877" from="37" to="256" >        <name>酃县</name>        <transcribed-name>Ling Xian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_41725" from="37" to="588" >        <name>醴陵县</name>        <transcribed-name>Ling Xian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>    </subordinate-units>  </historical-context>  <data-source>CHGIS</data-source>  <source-note>    <![CDATA[      <html><body>长沙郡（37-588年）治所<br><br>东汉建武十三年（公元37年）二月，长沙国除，改置长沙郡。⑴先后治临湘侯国、临湘县（均在今湖南长沙市老城区）。⑵领临湘、攸、茶陵、安城、酃、连道、昭陵、益阳、下雋、罗、醴陵、容陵等县和湘南侯国。⑶约桓、灵时增领汉昌县。⑷约桓帝建和二年（148年）后，昭陵县往属零陵郡。其后辖境屡有变化，但治所未变。隋开皇九年（589）平陈，改置潭州，辖境扩大，辖长沙、衡山、益阳、邵阳等县。⑸<br><br>⑴《后汉书·光武帝传》：建武十三年二月，“丙辰，诏曰：‘长沙王兴、真定王得、河间王邵、中山王茂、皆袭爵为王，不应经义。其以兴为临湘侯。”（北京，中华书局，1册，61页）<br>李晓杰，《东汉政区地理》：“《后汉书·光武帝纪》载，建武十三年，以长沙王兴袭爵为王，不应经义，降为临湘侯。知是年之前，长沙为国，此后除为汉郡。”（山东教育出版社，211页）<br>⑵《续汉书·郡国志》长沙郡首县为临湘（《后汉书》，北京，中华书局，12册，3485页）。<br>按：据注⑴，长沙王刘兴在建武十三年（公元37年）被降为临湘侯，当是改临湘县为临湘侯国。《续汉书·郡国志》未云长沙郡治所有变化，当是建武十三年仍治临湘侯国。<br>⑶据《续汉书·郡国志》。<br>⑷李晓杰，《东汉政区地理》：“至东汉后期，又增置汉昌县。宋本《寰于记》卷一一三岳州平江县下云：‘本汉罗县地，后汉分其地为汉昌县。’该县始置之年，史无确载，然仍可约略推知。《隶释》卷四《周憬碑阴》有‘长水汉昌寋秪字宣节’之记载，此碑立于熹平三年。钱大昭据此以为汉昌县必桓、灵时置，其说可从。”（山东教育出版社，212页）<br>⑸《隋书》卷31《地理下》：“长沙郡。旧置湘州，平陈置潭州总管府，大业初废。”（北京，中华书局，3册，895页）</body></html>    ]]>  </source-note>  <source-uri>      </source-uri></placename>