<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><placename>  <system>China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University</system>  <license>CC BY-NC 4.0</license>  <uri>http://tgaz.fudan.edu.cn/tgaz/placename/hvd_30056</uri> <spellings>    <spelling>      <written-form script="traditional Chinese">揚州</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <written-form script="simplified Chinese">扬州</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <transcription system="Pinyin">Yang Zhou</transcription>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>  </spellings>  <feature-type>    <name>州</name>    <alternate-name>州</alternate-name>    <transcription>zhou</transcription>    <translation lang="en">region</translation>  </feature-type>  <temporal>    <begin>212</begin>    <begin-rule>4</begin-rule>    <end>458</end>    <end-rule>4</end-rule>  </temporal>  <spatial>    <object-type>POINT</object-type>    <xy-type>point</xy-type>    <latitude-direction>N</latitude-direction>    <degrees-latitude>32.05256</degrees-latitude>    <longitude-direction>E</longitude-direction>    <degrees-longitude>118.76899</degrees-longitude>    <geo-source>FROM_AC</geo-source>    <present-location> 今江苏南京市区    </present-location>  </spatial>  <historical-context>    <part-of-relationships>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_113656" from="212" to="219" >        <parent-name>东汉</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Donghan</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_113659" from="220" to="279" >        <parent-name>三国吴</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Sanguo Wu</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_113661" from="280" to="316" >        <parent-name>西晋</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Xijin</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_113686" from="317" to="419" >        <parent-name>东晋</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Dongjin</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_113687" from="420" to="458" >        <parent-name>南朝宋</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Nanchaosong</transcribed-name>      </part-of>    </part-of-relationships>    <subordinate-units>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_33536" from="374" to="410" >        <name>上党郡</name>        <transcribed-name>Shangdang Jun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_32267" from="266" to="453" >        <name>东阳郡</name>        <transcribed-name>Dongyang Jun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_32525" from="257" to="264" >        <name>临川郡</name>        <transcribed-name>Linchuan Jun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_32526" from="265" to="290" >        <name>临川郡</name>        <transcribed-name>Linchuan Jun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_32262" from="257" to="257" >        <name>临海郡</name>        <transcribed-name>Linhai Jun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_32263" from="258" to="453" >        <name>临海郡</name>        <transcribed-name>Linhai Jun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_32364" from="318" to="458" >        <name>丹阳尹</name>        <transcribed-name>Danyang Yin</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_32362" from="212" to="280" >        <name>丹阳郡</name>        <transcribed-name>Danyang Jun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_32363" from="281" to="317" >        <name>丹阳郡</name>        <transcribed-name>Danyang Jun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_32351" from="304" to="458" >        <name>义兴郡</name>        <transcribed-name>Yixing Jun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_32280" from="212" to="453" >        <name>会稽郡</name>        <transcribed-name>Guiji Jun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_32554" from="282" to="290" >        <name>南康郡</name>        <transcribed-name>Nankang Jun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_32347" from="266" to="404" >        <name>吴兴郡</name>        <transcribed-name>Wuxing Jun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_32358" from="405" to="458" >        <name>吴兴郡</name>        <transcribed-name>Wuxing Jun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_32054" from="212" to="458" >        <name>吴郡</name>        <transcribed-name>Wu Jun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_32576" from="267" to="279" >        <name>安成郡</name>        <transcribed-name>Ancheng Jun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_32466" from="281" to="458" >        <name>宣城郡</name>        <transcribed-name>Xuancheng Jun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_32540" from="212" to="290" >        <name>庐陵郡</name>        <transcribed-name>Luling Jun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_32035" from="260" to="290" >        <name>建安郡</name>        <transcribed-name>Jian'an Jun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_32265" from="280" to="453" >        <name>新安郡</name>        <transcribed-name>Xin'an Jun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_32221" from="212" to="279" >        <name>新都郡</name>        <transcribed-name>Xindu Jun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_32055" from="282" to="290" >        <name>晋安郡</name>        <transcribed-name>Jin'an Jun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_32367" from="311" to="317" >        <name>晋陵郡</name>        <transcribed-name>Jinling Jun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_32368" from="318" to="412" >        <name>晋陵郡</name>        <transcribed-name>Jinling Jun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_32375" from="413" to="430" >        <name>晋陵郡</name>        <transcribed-name>Jinling Jun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_32365" from="212" to="280" >        <name>毗陵典农校尉</name>        <transcribed-name>Pilin Diannong</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_32366" from="281" to="288" >        <name>毗陵郡</name>        <transcribed-name>Piling Jun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_32374" from="289" to="310" >        <name>毗陵郡</name>        <transcribed-name>Piling Jun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_32360" from="323" to="323" >        <name>永嘉郡</name>        <transcribed-name>Yongjia Jun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_32276" from="324" to="453" >        <name>永嘉郡</name>        <transcribed-name>Yongjia Jun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_33534" from="326" to="458" >        <name>淮南郡</name>        <transcribed-name>Huainan Jun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_32583" from="212" to="290" >        <name>豫章郡</name>        <transcribed-name>Yuzhang Jun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_32610" from="212" to="244" >        <name>鄱阳郡</name>        <transcribed-name>Poyang Jun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_32611" from="245" to="279" >        <name>鄱阳郡</name>        <transcribed-name>Poyang Jun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_32612" from="280" to="290" >        <name>鄱阳郡</name>        <transcribed-name>Poang Jun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>    </subordinate-units>  </historical-context>  <data-source>CHGIS</data-source>  <source-note>    <![CDATA[      <html><body>扬州（212—458年）治所<br><br>东汉建安十六年（211年）孙权自京口迁都秣陵。十七年（212年）改秣陵为建业（今南京市）。建江南扬州。①治建业（今南京市）。②领有丹阳、吴郡等十四郡，包有今长江以南江苏、浙江、安徽、上海市、福建、江西省（今莲花县地属荆州）地。③三国魏黄初二年（221年）孙权置武昌郡，以扬州豫章郡柴桑县（清代江西德化、瑞昌二县）割属之。④此后扬州辖地多有变化，但治所位置一直未变。大明三年（459年）罢扬州，改为王畿，由南台侍御史部诸郡，东扬州改称扬州。⑤<br><br><br>①〈三国志〉卷47〈吴志吴主传〉：“（建安）十六年，权徙治秣陵。明年，城石头，改秣陵为建业。”（第5册，1118页）〈建康实录〉卷1〈太祖上〉：“（建安）十六年，权始自京口徙秣陵。十七年，城楚金陵邑地，号石头，改秣陵为建业。……十九年夏五月，权又征皖城，取之，获太守朱光。魏军尽退，克宁江表，而扬州所统丹阳、吴兴、新都、东阳、临海、建安、豫章、鄱阳、临川、安成、庐陵、南郡等一十四郡合一百四十八县。”（上册，14页）此前当已有扬州。此扬州为孙权所置。始年定于建安十六年（211年）。<br>②〈元和郡县志〉卷25〈江南道一〉润州上元县：“扬州故理，在县东百步。后汉末又理寿春。刘繇为扬州刺史，始移理曲阿。吴长沙桓王孙策始定江东，置扬州於建业。”（下册，595页）按孙策时尚未定江东，亦未定都建业，当始于孙权时。<br>③见①。<br>④《三国志》卷47《吴志孙权传》：“（建安）二十五年，……冬，……改元黄初。二年四月，刘备称帝于蜀。权自公安都鄂，改名武昌，以武昌、下雉、寻阳、阳新、柴桑、沙羡六县为武昌郡。”（第5册，1121页）吴增仅撰杨守敬补正《三国郡县表附考证》：“《吴志程普传》，普领江夏太守沙羡时在建安末。建安二十五年权分江夏置武昌郡，沙羡等县移属武昌，江夏时当徙治。据《元和志》吴江夏理武昌。知其时武昌郡当省。”（《二十五史补编》第3册，2958页）同书：“武昌郡，《吴志孙权传》建安二十五年置，治武昌。……柴桑，自豫章郡移来。”（2950页）<br>⑤《宋书》卷35《州郡志一》：“扬州刺史……大明三年罢州，以其地为王畿，以南台侍御史部诸郡，如从事之部传焉，而东扬州直云扬州。八年，罢王畿，复立扬州，扬州还为东扬州。”（第4册，1029页）</body></html>    ]]>  </source-note>  <source-uri>      </source-uri></placename>