<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><placename>  <system>China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University</system>  <license>CC BY-NC 4.0</license>  <uri>http://tgaz.fudan.edu.cn/tgaz/placename/hvd_121823</uri> <spellings>    <spelling>      <written-form script="traditional Chinese">靈丘縣</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <written-form script="simplified Chinese">灵丘县</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <transcription system="Pinyin">Lingqiu Xian</transcription>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>  </spellings>  <feature-type>    <name>县</name>    <alternate-name>縣</alternate-name>    <transcription>xian</transcription>    <translation lang="en">county</translation>  </feature-type>  <temporal>    <begin>1911</begin>    <begin-rule>9</begin-rule>    <end>1911</end>    <end-rule>9</end-rule>  </temporal>  <spatial>    <object-type>POINT</object-type>    <xy-type>point</xy-type>    <latitude-direction>N</latitude-direction>    <degrees-latitude>39.43774</degrees-latitude>    <longitude-direction>E</longitude-direction>    <degrees-longitude>114.22922</degrees-longitude>    <geo-source>FROM_AC</geo-source>    <present-location> 山西灵丘县县治    </present-location>  </spatial>  <historical-context>    <part-of-relationships>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_120232" from="1911" to="1911" >        <parent-name>大同府</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Datong  Fu</transcribed-name>      </part-of>    </part-of-relationships>    <subordinate-units>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146564" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>三山村</name>        <transcribed-name>Sanshancun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146574" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>上寨</name>        <transcribed-name>Shangzhai</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146578" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>下关</name>        <transcribed-name>Xiaguan</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146575" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>下寨</name>        <transcribed-name>Xiazhai</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146582" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>东昌城</name>        <transcribed-name>Dongchangcheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146583" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>中野窝</name>        <transcribed-name>Zhongyewo</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146572" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>乔麦川</name>        <transcribed-name>Qiaomaichuan</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146571" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>伊家店</name>        <transcribed-name>Yijiadian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146581" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>冉庄</name>        <transcribed-name>Ranzhuang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146570" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>刁泉</name>        <transcribed-name>Diaoquan</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146577" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>南坡</name>        <transcribed-name>Nanpo</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146576" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>口头</name>        <transcribed-name>Koutou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146585" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>古之河</name>        <transcribed-name>Guzhihe</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146567" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>固城</name>        <transcribed-name>Gucheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146586" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>大作</name>        <transcribed-name>Dazuo</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146565" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>大涧</name>        <transcribed-name>Dajian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146563" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>孤山</name>        <transcribed-name>Gushan</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_148174" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>山楼村</name>        <transcribed-name>Shanloucun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146566" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>庄头</name>        <transcribed-name>Zhuangtou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146568" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>招柏</name>        <transcribed-name>Zhaobai</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146579" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>独峪</name>        <transcribed-name>Duyu</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146587" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>王城</name>        <transcribed-name>Wangcheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146569" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>白杨</name>        <transcribed-name>Baiyang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146561" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>石家田</name>        <transcribed-name>Shijiatian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_150286" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>磨佛台</name>        <transcribed-name>Mofotai</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146573" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>红石楞</name>        <transcribed-name>Hongshileng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146580" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>银厂</name>        <transcribed-name>Yinchang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146562" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>马头关</name>        <transcribed-name>Matouguan</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146584" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>高渠沟</name>        <transcribed-name>Gaoqugou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>    </subordinate-units>  </historical-context>  <data-source>CHGIS</data-source>  <source-note>    <![CDATA[      <html><body>山西省数据（1911年）<br><br>直隶省的聚落数据依据《》（）。由于早期地图存在投影和定位精度问题，不能依据地图图像直接数字化。CHGIS项目使用转移定位法，对聚落位置作重新定位，重新定位的基础数字地图是采用中华人民共和国国家测绘局制作的“1:100万中国数字地图（国际版，1990年时点）（简称ArcChina）”。重新定位的主要依据是地名的延续性，《》中标示的许多聚落在ArcChina的聚落数据（RESPT层）中，都有相同的名称，即同一个地点。此外，参照聚落与河流的位置关系，以及临近聚落之间的相对方位关系，最后确定山西省1911年聚落的定位。1911年县界走向的主要依据有两个，1）聚落，聚落归属关系在《》中已有明确标示，定位后的1911年聚落位置可以与ArcChina的县界数据（CNTY层）作比较，2）参考界县与河流及山脉等自然要素的相对关系，确定1911年县界在ArcChina底图上的位置，如果相同，则使用CNTY层数据，如果不相同，依据以上关系重新绘制。府级界线据县级界线合并而成，省级界线处理方法相同。《》代表民国初年的政区设置，参考《清代政区沿革综表》（牛平汉主编，中国地图出版社出版，1990年）山西政区变化情况，同时参考《中国新舆图》（商务印书馆，民国二年（1913年））的政区设置和府界走向，对政区设置情况作了校对。</body></html>    ]]>  </source-note>  <source-uri>      </source-uri></placename>