<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><placename>  <system>China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University</system>  <license>CC BY-NC 4.0</license>  <uri>http://tgaz.fudan.edu.cn/tgaz/placename/hvd_121818</uri> <spellings>    <spelling>      <written-form script="traditional Chinese">應州</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <written-form script="simplified Chinese">应州</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <transcription system="Pinyin">Ying Zhou</transcription>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>  </spellings>  <feature-type>    <name>州</name>    <alternate-name>州</alternate-name>    <transcription>zhou</transcription>    <translation lang="en">department</translation>  </feature-type>  <temporal>    <begin>1911</begin>    <begin-rule>9</begin-rule>    <end>1911</end>    <end-rule>9</end-rule>  </temporal>  <spatial>    <object-type>POINT</object-type>    <xy-type>point</xy-type>    <latitude-direction>N</latitude-direction>    <degrees-latitude>39.56017</degrees-latitude>    <longitude-direction>E</longitude-direction>    <degrees-longitude>113.18238</degrees-longitude>    <geo-source>FROM_AC</geo-source>    <present-location> 山西应县县治    </present-location>  </spatial>  <historical-context>    <part-of-relationships>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_120232" from="1911" to="1911" >        <parent-name>大同府</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Datong  Fu</transcribed-name>      </part-of>    </part-of-relationships>    <subordinate-units>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_148162" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>三门城</name>        <transcribed-name>Sanmencheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146420" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>上甘港</name>        <transcribed-name>Shanggangang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146417" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>下马峪</name>        <transcribed-name>Xiamayu</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146434" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>东上寨</name>        <transcribed-name>Dongshangzhai</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146413" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>东安峪</name>        <transcribed-name>Dong'anyu</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146404" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>东耀</name>        <transcribed-name>Dongyao</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146397" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>临河</name>        <transcribed-name>Linhe</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146395" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>义井</name>        <transcribed-name>Yijing</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146410" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>五里</name>        <transcribed-name>Wuli</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146415" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>何家</name>        <transcribed-name>Hejia</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146408" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>侯家岭</name>        <transcribed-name>Houjialing</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146426" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>八里庄</name>        <transcribed-name>Balizhuang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146398" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>刘霍</name>        <transcribed-name>Liuhuo</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146439" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>包家岭</name>        <transcribed-name>Baojialing</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146442" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>北租</name>        <transcribed-name>Beizu</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146402" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>北马</name>        <transcribed-name>Beima</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146440" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>千井</name>        <transcribed-name>Qianjing</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146421" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>南曹山</name>        <transcribed-name>Nancaoshan</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146399" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>南柳会</name>        <transcribed-name>Nanliuhui</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146411" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>南湛</name>        <transcribed-name>Nanzhan</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146412" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>南贾</name>        <transcribed-name>Nanjia</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146437" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>吴家</name>        <transcribed-name>Wujia</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146428" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>唐庄</name>        <transcribed-name>Tangzhuang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146431" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>圣水</name>        <transcribed-name>Shengshui</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146406" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>大营</name>        <transcribed-name>Daying</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146416" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>大西头</name>        <transcribed-name>Daxitou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146436" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>安东卫司</name>        <transcribed-name>Andongweisi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146432" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>寺庄</name>        <transcribed-name>Sizhuang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146425" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>席家</name>        <transcribed-name>Xijia</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146435" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>徐峪</name>        <transcribed-name>Xuyu</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146423" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>护驾冈</name>        <transcribed-name>Hujiagang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146427" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>接马</name>        <transcribed-name>Jiema</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146422" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>教场</name>        <transcribed-name>Jiaochang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146407" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>曹娘</name>        <transcribed-name>Caoniang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146405" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>杨庄</name>        <transcribed-name>Yangzhuang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146403" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>泉子</name>        <transcribed-name>Quanzi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146400" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>温家坊</name>        <transcribed-name>Wenjiafang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146424" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>王宜</name>        <transcribed-name>Wangyi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146429" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>石家</name>        <transcribed-name>Shijia</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146441" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>米家</name>        <transcribed-name>Mijia</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146433" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>罗家</name>        <transcribed-name>Luojia</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146401" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>肖寨</name>        <transcribed-name>Xiaozhai</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146414" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>西安峪</name>        <transcribed-name>Xi'anyu</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146409" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>西朱</name>        <transcribed-name>Xizhu</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146438" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>西短川</name>        <transcribed-name>Xiduanchuan</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146419" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>贾村</name>        <transcribed-name>Jiacun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146430" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>镇子梁</name>        <transcribed-name>Zhenziliang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146418" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>马兰口</name>        <transcribed-name>Malankou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_146396" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>黄巍</name>        <transcribed-name>Huangwei</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>    </subordinate-units>  </historical-context>  <data-source>CHGIS</data-source>  <source-note>    <![CDATA[      <html><body>山西省数据（1911年）<br><br>直隶省的聚落数据依据《》（）。由于早期地图存在投影和定位精度问题，不能依据地图图像直接数字化。CHGIS项目使用转移定位法，对聚落位置作重新定位，重新定位的基础数字地图是采用中华人民共和国国家测绘局制作的“1:100万中国数字地图（国际版，1990年时点）（简称ArcChina）”。重新定位的主要依据是地名的延续性，《》中标示的许多聚落在ArcChina的聚落数据（RESPT层）中，都有相同的名称，即同一个地点。此外，参照聚落与河流的位置关系，以及临近聚落之间的相对方位关系，最后确定山西省1911年聚落的定位。1911年县界走向的主要依据有两个，1）聚落，聚落归属关系在《》中已有明确标示，定位后的1911年聚落位置可以与ArcChina的县界数据（CNTY层）作比较，2）参考界县与河流及山脉等自然要素的相对关系，确定1911年县界在ArcChina底图上的位置，如果相同，则使用CNTY层数据，如果不相同，依据以上关系重新绘制。府级界线据县级界线合并而成，省级界线处理方法相同。《》代表民国初年的政区设置，参考《清代政区沿革综表》（牛平汉主编，中国地图出版社出版，1990年）山西政区变化情况，同时参考《中国新舆图》（商务印书馆，民国二年（1913年））的政区设置和府界走向，对政区设置情况作了校对。</body></html>    ]]>  </source-note>  <source-uri>      </source-uri></placename>