<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><placename>  <system>China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University</system>  <license>CC BY-NC 4.0</license>  <uri>http://tgaz.fudan.edu.cn/tgaz/placename/hvd_121486</uri> <spellings>    <spelling>      <written-form script="traditional Chinese">懷安縣</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <written-form script="simplified Chinese">怀安县</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <transcription system="Pinyin">Huai'an Xian</transcription>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>  </spellings>  <feature-type>    <name>县</name>    <alternate-name>縣</alternate-name>    <transcription>xian</transcription>    <translation lang="en">county</translation>  </feature-type>  <temporal>    <begin>1911</begin>    <begin-rule>9</begin-rule>    <end>1911</end>    <end-rule>9</end-rule>  </temporal>  <spatial>    <object-type>POINT</object-type>    <xy-type>point</xy-type>    <latitude-direction>N</latitude-direction>    <degrees-latitude>40.46156</degrees-latitude>    <longitude-direction>E</longitude-direction>    <degrees-longitude>114.46590</degrees-longitude>    <geo-source>FROM_AC</geo-source>    <present-location> 河北怀安县怀安城镇    </present-location>  </spatial>  <historical-context>    <part-of-relationships>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_120157" from="1911" to="1911" >        <parent-name>宣化府</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Xuanhua Fu</transcribed-name>      </part-of>    </part-of-relationships>    <subordinate-units>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135426" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>七里店</name>        <transcribed-name>Qilidian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135437" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>上果园</name>        <transcribed-name>Shangguoyuan</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135423" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>东北口</name>        <transcribed-name>Dongbeikou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135413" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>东沙城</name>        <transcribed-name>Dongshacheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135405" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>东洋河</name>        <transcribed-name>Dongyanghe</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135438" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>两旗屯</name>        <transcribed-name>Liangqitun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135422" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>化皮岭</name>        <transcribed-name>Huapiling</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135402" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>北沙城</name>        <transcribed-name>Beishacheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135410" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>北高崖</name>        <transcribed-name>Beigaoya</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135429" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>南高崖</name>        <transcribed-name>Nangaoya</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135431" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>台家坪</name>        <transcribed-name>Taijiaping</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135420" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>塔儿庄</name>        <transcribed-name>Ta'erzhuang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135436" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>夏家屯</name>        <transcribed-name>Xiajiatun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135430" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>大庄科</name>        <transcribed-name>Dazhuangke</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135418" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>太平寨</name>        <transcribed-name>Taipingzhai</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135435" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>太平庄</name>        <transcribed-name>Taipingzhuang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135433" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>头百户</name>        <transcribed-name>Toubaihu</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135403" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>孙家窑</name>        <transcribed-name>Sunjiayao</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135432" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>小屯堡</name>        <transcribed-name>Xiaotunbao</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135417" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>左卫</name>        <transcribed-name>Zuowei</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135421" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>廉家寨</name>        <transcribed-name>Lianjiazhai</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135411" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>李信屯</name>        <transcribed-name>Lixintun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135404" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>板山窑</name>        <transcribed-name>Banshanyao</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135425" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>枳儿岭</name>        <transcribed-name>Zhi'erling</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135406" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>柴沟堡</name>        <transcribed-name>Chaigoubao</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135414" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>水闸屯</name>        <transcribed-name>Shuizhatun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135407" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>渡口堡</name>        <transcribed-name>Dukoubao</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135424" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>王虎屯铺</name>        <transcribed-name>Wanghutunpu</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135415" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>腰站堡</name>        <transcribed-name>Yaozhanbao</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135412" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>花山堡</name>        <transcribed-name>Huashanbao</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135427" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>莲花石</name>        <transcribed-name>Lianhuashi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135428" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>董家沟</name>        <transcribed-name>Dongjiagou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135419" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>西子庄</name>        <transcribed-name>Xizizhuang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135408" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>西洋河堡</name>        <transcribed-name>Xiyanghebao</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135416" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>许家庄台</name>        <transcribed-name>Xujiazhuangtai</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135409" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>长条沟</name>        <transcribed-name>Changtiaogou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135439" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>阎家堡</name>        <transcribed-name>Yanjiabao</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135434" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>黄家窑</name>        <transcribed-name>Huangjiayao</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>    </subordinate-units>  </historical-context>  <data-source>CHGIS</data-source>  <source-note>    <![CDATA[      <html><body>直隶省数据（1911年）<br><br>直隶省的聚落数据依据《畿辅舆地全图》（光绪十年（1884年）刻本）和《畿辅舆图》（光绪年间）⑴。由于早期地图存在投影和定位精度问题，不能依据地图图像直接数字化。CHGIS项目使用转移定位法，对聚落位置作重新定位，重新定位的基础数字地图是采用中华人民共和国国家测绘局制作的“1:100万中国数字地图（国际版，1990年时点）（简称ArcChina）”。重新定位的主要依据是地名的延续性，《畿辅舆地全图》中标示的许多聚落在ArcChina的聚落数据（RESPT层）中，都有相同的名称，即同一个地点。此外，参照聚落与河流的位置关系，以及临近聚落之间的相对方位关系，最后确定直隶省1911年聚落的定位。1911年县界走向的主要依据有两个，1）聚落，聚落归属关系在《畿辅舆地全图》中已有明确标示，定位后的1911年聚落位置可以与ArcChina的县界数据（CNTY层）作比较，2）参考界县与河流及山脉等自然要素的相对关系，确定1911年县界在ArcChina底图上的位置，如果相同，则使用CNTY层数据，如果不相同，依据以上关系重新绘制。府级界线据县级界线合并而成，省级界线处理方法相同。《畿辅舆地全图》代表1884年前的政区设置，参考《清代政区沿革综表》（牛平汉主编，中国地图出版社出版，1990年）直隶政区变化情况，同时参考《中国新舆图》（商务印书馆，民国二年（1913年））的政区设置和府界走向，对政区设置情况作了校对。<br><br>⑴《畿辅舆图》（成文出版社影印本题为《畿辅舆地全图》）。该图分幅与《畿辅舆地全图》相同，但图面质量比《畿辅舆地全图》差，而图后的图说比《畿辅舆地全图》详细。《畿辅舆地全图》是《畿辅通志》的舆图部分，成于光绪十年。《畿辅舆图》估计应是光绪年间编修会典时，依照会典馆体例，在《畿辅舆地全图》基础上重新编绘的地图，只是文字作了修补。</body></html>    ]]>  </source-note>  <source-uri>      </source-uri></placename>