<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><placename>  <system>China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University</system>  <license>CC BY-NC 4.0</license>  <uri>http://tgaz.fudan.edu.cn/tgaz/placename/hvd_121476</uri> <spellings>    <spelling>      <written-form script="traditional Chinese">滄州</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <written-form script="simplified Chinese">沧州</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <transcription system="Pinyin">Cang Zhou</transcription>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>  </spellings>  <feature-type>    <name>州</name>    <alternate-name>州</alternate-name>    <transcription>zhou</transcription>    <translation lang="en">department</translation>  </feature-type>  <temporal>    <begin>1911</begin>    <begin-rule>9</begin-rule>    <end>1911</end>    <end-rule>9</end-rule>  </temporal>  <spatial>    <object-type>POINT</object-type>    <xy-type>point</xy-type>    <latitude-direction>N</latitude-direction>    <degrees-latitude>38.30900</degrees-latitude>    <longitude-direction>E</longitude-direction>    <degrees-longitude>116.86197</degrees-longitude>    <geo-source>FROM_AC</geo-source>    <present-location> 河北沧州市治    </present-location>  </spatial>  <historical-context>    <part-of-relationships>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_120155" from="1911" to="1911" >        <parent-name>天津府</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Tianjin Fu</transcribed-name>      </part-of>    </part-of-relationships>    <subordinate-units>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135068" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>东官庄</name>        <transcribed-name>Dongguanzhuang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135066" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>乾符庄</name>        <transcribed-name>Qianfuzhuang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135021" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>仵龙堂集</name>        <transcribed-name>Wulongtangji</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135060" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>军马站</name>        <transcribed-name>Junmazhan</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135055" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>刘三庄</name>        <transcribed-name>Liusanzhuang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135035" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>刘家厂</name>        <transcribed-name>Liujiachang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135016" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>刘文家庄</name>        <transcribed-name>Liuwenjiazhuang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135053" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>刘月庄</name>        <transcribed-name>Liuyuezhuang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135052" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>刘皮家庄</name>        <transcribed-name>Liupijiazhuang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135032" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>前子来屯</name>        <transcribed-name>Qianzilaitun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135033" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>前王官屯</name>        <transcribed-name>Qianwangguantun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135062" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>前韩庄</name>        <transcribed-name>Qianhanzhuang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135050" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>吕家桥</name>        <transcribed-name>Lvjiaqiao</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135064" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>夏家庄</name>        <transcribed-name>Xiajiazhuang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135049" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>大浪泊</name>        <transcribed-name>Dalangbo</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135056" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>孙正家庄</name>        <transcribed-name>Sunzhengjiazhuang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135031" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>孟村镇</name>        <transcribed-name>Mengcunzhen</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135017" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>官亭</name>        <transcribed-name>Guan Ting</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135045" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>崔庄</name>        <transcribed-name>Cuizhuang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135041" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>干河庄</name>        <transcribed-name>Ganhezhuang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135026" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>张官屯</name>        <transcribed-name>Zhangguantun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135042" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>徐官屯</name>        <transcribed-name>Xuguantun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135043" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>感化屯</name>        <transcribed-name>Ganhuatun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135015" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>捷地</name>        <transcribed-name>Jiedi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135030" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>新县镇</name>        <transcribed-name>Xinxianzhen</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135020" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>旧州集</name>        <transcribed-name>Jiuzhouji</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135046" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>曹家庄</name>        <transcribed-name>Caojiazhuang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135048" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>望海市</name>        <transcribed-name>Wanghaishi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135025" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>木官屯集</name>        <transcribed-name>Muguantunji</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135063" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>李村镇</name>        <transcribed-name>Licunzhen</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135051" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>杨三木庄</name>        <transcribed-name>Yangsanmuzhuang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135067" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>杨官庄</name>        <transcribed-name>Yangguanzhuang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135057" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>沙井庄</name>        <transcribed-name>Shajingzhuang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135024" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>狼儿口</name>        <transcribed-name>Lang'erkou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135023" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>玉皇堂</name>        <transcribed-name>Yuhuangtang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135022" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>王寺镇</name>        <transcribed-name>Wangsizhen</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135054" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>王徐家庄</name>        <transcribed-name>Wangxujiazhuang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135047" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>王桥</name>        <transcribed-name>Wangqiao</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135027" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>砖河</name>        <transcribed-name>Zhuanhe</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135106" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>祁口营</name>        <transcribed-name>Qikouying</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135061" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>范家庄</name>        <transcribed-name>Fanjiazhuang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135028" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>西砖河镇</name>        <transcribed-name>Xizhuanhezhen</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135065" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>西道安庄</name>        <transcribed-name>Xidao'anzhuang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135036" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>许家道</name>        <transcribed-name>Xujiadao</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135034" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>赵家宅</name>        <transcribed-name>Zhaojiazhai</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135069" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>邓家庄</name>        <transcribed-name>Dengjiazhuang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135019" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>郭村</name>        <transcribed-name>Guocun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135018" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>风化店</name>        <transcribed-name>Fenghuadian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135128" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>马棚口</name>        <transcribed-name>Mapengkou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135058" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>马落坡镇</name>        <transcribed-name>Maluopozhen</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135059" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>高官屯</name>        <transcribed-name>Gaoguantun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_135044" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>黄官屯</name>        <transcribed-name>Huangguantun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>    </subordinate-units>  </historical-context>  <data-source>CHGIS</data-source>  <source-note>    <![CDATA[      <html><body>直隶省数据（1911年）<br><br>直隶省的聚落数据依据《畿辅舆地全图》（光绪十年（1884年）刻本）和《畿辅舆图》（光绪年间）⑴。由于早期地图存在投影和定位精度问题，不能依据地图图像直接数字化。CHGIS项目使用转移定位法，对聚落位置作重新定位，重新定位的基础数字地图是采用中华人民共和国国家测绘局制作的“1:100万中国数字地图（国际版，1990年时点）（简称ArcChina）”。重新定位的主要依据是地名的延续性，《畿辅舆地全图》中标示的许多聚落在ArcChina的聚落数据（RESPT层）中，都有相同的名称，即同一个地点。此外，参照聚落与河流的位置关系，以及临近聚落之间的相对方位关系，最后确定直隶省1911年聚落的定位。1911年县界走向的主要依据有两个，1）聚落，聚落归属关系在《畿辅舆地全图》中已有明确标示，定位后的1911年聚落位置可以与ArcChina的县界数据（CNTY层）作比较，2）参考界县与河流及山脉等自然要素的相对关系，确定1911年县界在ArcChina底图上的位置，如果相同，则使用CNTY层数据，如果不相同，依据以上关系重新绘制。府级界线据县级界线合并而成，省级界线处理方法相同。《畿辅舆地全图》代表1884年前的政区设置，参考《清代政区沿革综表》（牛平汉主编，中国地图出版社出版，1990年）直隶政区变化情况，同时参考《中国新舆图》（商务印书馆，民国二年（1913年））的政区设置和府界走向，对政区设置情况作了校对。<br><br>⑴《畿辅舆图》（成文出版社影印本题为《畿辅舆地全图》）。该图分幅与《畿辅舆地全图》相同，但图面质量比《畿辅舆地全图》差，而图后的图说比《畿辅舆地全图》详细。《畿辅舆地全图》是《畿辅通志》的舆图部分，成于光绪十年。《畿辅舆图》估计应是光绪年间编修会典时，依照会典馆体例，在《畿辅舆地全图》基础上重新编绘的地图，只是文字作了修补。</body></html>    ]]>  </source-note>  <source-uri>      </source-uri></placename>