<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><placename>  <system>China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University</system>  <license>CC BY-NC 4.0</license>  <uri>http://tgaz.fudan.edu.cn/tgaz/placename/hvd_121174</uri> <spellings>    <spelling>      <written-form script="traditional Chinese">興山縣</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <written-form script="simplified Chinese">兴山县</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <transcription system="Pinyin">Xingshan Xian</transcription>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>  </spellings>  <feature-type>    <name>县</name>    <alternate-name>縣</alternate-name>    <transcription>xian</transcription>    <translation lang="en">county</translation>  </feature-type>  <temporal>    <begin>1911</begin>    <begin-rule>9</begin-rule>    <end>1911</end>    <end-rule>9</end-rule>  </temporal>  <spatial>    <object-type>POINT</object-type>    <xy-type>point</xy-type>    <latitude-direction>N</latitude-direction>    <degrees-latitude>31.23525</degrees-latitude>    <longitude-direction>E</longitude-direction>    <degrees-longitude>110.75928</degrees-longitude>    <geo-source>FROM_AC</geo-source>    <present-location> 湖北兴山县县治高阳镇    </present-location>  </spatial>  <historical-context>    <part-of-relationships>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_120194" from="1911" to="1911" >        <parent-name>宜昌府</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Yichang Fu</transcribed-name>      </part-of>    </part-of-relationships>    <subordinate-units>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128745" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>两河口</name>        <transcribed-name>Lianghekou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128751" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>丰邑</name>        <transcribed-name>Fengyi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128739" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>佛堂坪</name>        <transcribed-name>Fotangping</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128742" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>公坪市</name>        <transcribed-name>Gongpingshi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128755" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>南阳河塘</name>        <transcribed-name>Nanyanghetang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128762" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>大峡口</name>        <transcribed-name>Daxiakou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128737" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>学堂坪</name>        <transcribed-name>Xuetangping</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128757" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>小当阳</name>        <transcribed-name>Xiaodangyang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128748" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>平水河塘</name>        <transcribed-name>Pingshuihetang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128741" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>建阳坪</name>        <transcribed-name>Jianyangping</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128744" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>张关店</name>        <transcribed-name>Zhangguandian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128758" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>木城</name>        <transcribed-name>Mucheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128761" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>板庙市塘</name>        <transcribed-name>Banmiaoshitang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128743" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>榛子岭市</name>        <transcribed-name>Zhenzilingshi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128736" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>水月寺市</name>        <transcribed-name>Shuiyuesishi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128760" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>滩坪</name>        <transcribed-name>Tanping</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128740" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>潘家坪</name>        <transcribed-name>Panjiaping</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128749" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>狗儿滩</name>        <transcribed-name>Gou'ertan</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128753" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>界牌垭市</name>        <transcribed-name>Jiepaiyashi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128746" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>白果园</name>        <transcribed-name>Baiguoyuan</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128759" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>白沙河塘</name>        <transcribed-name>Baishahetang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128756" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>相坪</name>        <transcribed-name>Xiangping</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128750" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>郑家坪</name>        <transcribed-name>Zhengjiaping</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128763" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>长坊河塘</name>        <transcribed-name>Changfanghetang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_129153" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>青天泡</name>        <transcribed-name>Qingtianpao</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128747" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>顶塘</name>        <transcribed-name>Dingtang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128752" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>麦仓口塘</name>        <transcribed-name>Maicangkoutang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128754" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>黄栗坪塘</name>        <transcribed-name>Huanglipingtang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128738" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>龙头坪</name>        <transcribed-name>Longtouping</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>    </subordinate-units>  </historical-context>  <data-source>CHGIS</data-source>  <source-note>    <![CDATA[      <html><body>湖北省数据（1911年）<br><br>湖北省的聚落数据依据《湖北舆地图》（光绪二十七年（1901年）石印本）。由于早期地图存在投影和定位精度问题，不能依据地图图像直接数字化。CHGIS项目使用转移定位法，对聚落位置作重新定位，重新定位的基础数字地图是采用中华人民共和国国家测绘局制作的“1:100万中国数字地图（国际版，1990年时点）（简称ArcChina）”。重新定位的主要依据是地名的延续性，《湖北舆地图》中标示的许多聚落在ArcChina的聚落数据（RESPT层）中，都有相同的名称，即同一个地点。此外，参照聚落与河流的位置关系，以及临近聚落之间的相对方位关系，最后确定湖北省1911年聚落的定位。1911年县界走向的主要依据有两个，1）聚落，聚落归属关系在《湖北舆地图》中已有明确标示，定位后的1911年聚落位置可以与ArcChina的县界数据（CNTY层）作比较，2）参考界县与河流及山脉等自然要素的相对关系，确定1911年县界在ArcChina底图上的位置，如果相同，则使用CNTY层数据，如果不相同，依据以上关系重新绘制。府级界线据县级界线合并而成，省级界线处理方法相同。《湖北舆地图》代表1901年前的政区设置，参考《清代政区沿革综表》（牛平汉主编，中国地图出版社出版，1990年）中湖北政区变化情况，同时参考《中国新舆图》（商务印书馆，民国二年（1913年））的政区设置和府界走向，对政区设置情况作了校对。</body></html>    ]]>  </source-note>  <source-uri>      </source-uri></placename>