<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><placename>  <system>China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University</system>  <license>CC BY-NC 4.0</license>  <uri>http://tgaz.fudan.edu.cn/tgaz/placename/hvd_121170</uri> <spellings>    <spelling>      <written-form script="traditional Chinese">鶴峰州</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <written-form script="simplified Chinese">鹤峰州</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <transcription system="Pinyin">Hefeng Zhou</transcription>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>  </spellings>  <feature-type>    <name>州</name>    <alternate-name>州</alternate-name>    <transcription>zhou</transcription>    <translation lang="en">department</translation>  </feature-type>  <temporal>    <begin>1911</begin>    <begin-rule>9</begin-rule>    <end>1911</end>    <end-rule>9</end-rule>  </temporal>  <spatial>    <object-type>POINT</object-type>    <xy-type>point</xy-type>    <latitude-direction>N</latitude-direction>    <degrees-latitude>29.89255</degrees-latitude>    <longitude-direction>E</longitude-direction>    <degrees-longitude>110.02555</degrees-longitude>    <geo-source>FROM_AC</geo-source>    <present-location> 湖北鹤峰县县治美容镇    </present-location>  </spatial>  <historical-context>    <part-of-relationships>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_120194" from="1911" to="1911" >        <parent-name>宜昌府</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Yichang Fu</transcribed-name>      </part-of>    </part-of-relationships>    <subordinate-units>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128621" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>三路口塘</name>        <transcribed-name>Sanlukoutang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128618" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>三陡坪塘铺</name>        <transcribed-name>Sandoupingtangpu</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_129146" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>下坪</name>        <transcribed-name>Xiaping</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128628" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>下洞保</name>        <transcribed-name>Xiadongbao</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128608" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>中营坪</name>        <transcribed-name>Zhongyingping</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128619" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>五里坪</name>        <transcribed-name>Wuliping</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128607" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>刘家司塘</name>        <transcribed-name>Liujiasitang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128604" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>北佳坪</name>        <transcribed-name>Beijiaping</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128627" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>后溪坪</name>        <transcribed-name>Houxiping</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128605" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>咸盈河保</name>        <transcribed-name>Xianyinghebao</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128623" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>大典河保</name>        <transcribed-name>Dadianhebao</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128609" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>太平镇塘</name>        <transcribed-name>Taipingzhentang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128626" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>官仓坪保</name>        <transcribed-name>Guancangpingbao</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128610" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>官屋场</name>        <transcribed-name>Guanwuchang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128630" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>柘坪保</name>        <transcribed-name>Zhepingbao</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128612" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>桃子坝</name>        <transcribed-name>Taoziba</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128625" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>江口市</name>        <transcribed-name>Jiangkoushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128617" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>燕子坪保</name>        <transcribed-name>Yanzipingbao</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128620" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>白果坪</name>        <transcribed-name>Baiguoping</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128606" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>茅坪</name>        <transcribed-name>Maoping</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128616" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>荞阳坪</name>        <transcribed-name>Qiaoyangping</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128622" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>走马坪保</name>        <transcribed-name>Zoumapingbao</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128615" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>邬阳关</name>        <transcribed-name>Wuyangguan</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128629" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>金鸡口</name>        <transcribed-name>Jinjikou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128624" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>铁炉坪保</name>        <transcribed-name>Tielupingbao</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128614" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>马蕉坪塘</name>        <transcribed-name>Majiaopingtang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128613" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>麻水保</name>        <transcribed-name>Mashuibao</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128611" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>龙潭坪保</name>        <transcribed-name>Longtanpingbao</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>    </subordinate-units>  </historical-context>  <data-source>CHGIS</data-source>  <source-note>    <![CDATA[      <html><body>湖北省数据（1911年）<br><br>湖北省的聚落数据依据《湖北舆地图》（光绪二十七年（1901年）石印本）。由于早期地图存在投影和定位精度问题，不能依据地图图像直接数字化。CHGIS项目使用转移定位法，对聚落位置作重新定位，重新定位的基础数字地图是采用中华人民共和国国家测绘局制作的“1:100万中国数字地图（国际版，1990年时点）（简称ArcChina）”。重新定位的主要依据是地名的延续性，《湖北舆地图》中标示的许多聚落在ArcChina的聚落数据（RESPT层）中，都有相同的名称，即同一个地点。此外，参照聚落与河流的位置关系，以及临近聚落之间的相对方位关系，最后确定湖北省1911年聚落的定位。1911年县界走向的主要依据有两个，1）聚落，聚落归属关系在《湖北舆地图》中已有明确标示，定位后的1911年聚落位置可以与ArcChina的县界数据（CNTY层）作比较，2）参考界县与河流及山脉等自然要素的相对关系，确定1911年县界在ArcChina底图上的位置，如果相同，则使用CNTY层数据，如果不相同，依据以上关系重新绘制。府级界线据县级界线合并而成，省级界线处理方法相同。《湖北舆地图》代表1901年前的政区设置，参考《清代政区沿革综表》（牛平汉主编，中国地图出版社出版，1990年）中湖北政区变化情况，同时参考《中国新舆图》（商务印书馆，民国二年（1913年））的政区设置和府界走向，对政区设置情况作了校对。</body></html>    ]]>  </source-note>  <source-uri>      </source-uri></placename>