<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><placename>  <system>China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University</system>  <license>CC BY-NC 4.0</license>  <uri>http://tgaz.fudan.edu.cn/tgaz/placename/hvd_121149</uri> <spellings>    <spelling>      <written-form script="traditional Chinese">棗陽縣</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <written-form script="simplified Chinese">枣阳县</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <transcription system="Pinyin">Zaoyang Xian</transcription>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>  </spellings>  <feature-type>    <name>县</name>    <alternate-name>縣</alternate-name>    <transcription>xian</transcription>    <translation lang="en">county</translation>  </feature-type>  <temporal>    <begin>1911</begin>    <begin-rule>9</begin-rule>    <end>1911</end>    <end-rule>9</end-rule>  </temporal>  <spatial>    <object-type>POINT</object-type>    <xy-type>point</xy-type>    <latitude-direction>N</latitude-direction>    <degrees-latitude>32.13202</degrees-latitude>    <longitude-direction>E</longitude-direction>    <degrees-longitude>112.75660</degrees-longitude>    <geo-source>FROM_AC</geo-source>    <present-location> 湖北枣阳市市治    </present-location>  </spatial>  <historical-context>    <part-of-relationships>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_120175" from="1911" to="1911" >        <parent-name>襄阳府</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Xiangyang Fu</transcribed-name>      </part-of>    </part-of-relationships>    <subordinate-units>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128114" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>七方冈塘</name>        <transcribed-name>Qifanggangtang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128101" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>余家畈</name>        <transcribed-name>Yujiafan</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128099" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>兴隆集</name>        <transcribed-name>Xinglongji</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128103" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>刘升店塘</name>        <transcribed-name>Liushengdiantang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128104" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>吉家河塘</name>        <transcribed-name>Jijiahetang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128093" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>吴家店</name>        <transcribed-name>Wujiadian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128088" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>吴家集</name>        <transcribed-name>Wujiaji</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128092" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>唐家店</name>        <transcribed-name>Tangjiadian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128115" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>土家铺</name>        <transcribed-name>Tujiapu</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128106" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>太平镇塘</name>        <transcribed-name>Taipingzhentang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128089" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>宋家集</name>        <transcribed-name>Songjiaji</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128116" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>官庄</name>        <transcribed-name>Guanzhuang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128111" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>寺庄店</name>        <transcribed-name>Sizhuangdian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128090" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>平林店</name>        <transcribed-name>Pinglindian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128108" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>新寺店</name>        <transcribed-name>Xinsidian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128085" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>新集</name>        <transcribed-name>Xinji</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128087" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>李家楼塘</name>        <transcribed-name>Lijialoutang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128113" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>杨家垱</name>        <transcribed-name>Yangjiadang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128096" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>梁家集塘</name>        <transcribed-name>Liangjiajitang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128086" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>清潭铺</name>        <transcribed-name>Qingtanpu</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128112" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>湖河镇</name>        <transcribed-name>Huhezhen</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128091" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>熊家集塘</name>        <transcribed-name>Xiongjiajitang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128100" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>王城铺</name>        <transcribed-name>Wangchengpu</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128098" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>璩家湾</name>        <transcribed-name>Qujiawan</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128117" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>聂家集</name>        <transcribed-name>Niejiaji</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128102" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>舂陵故城</name>        <transcribed-name>Chonglinggucheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128105" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>草店</name>        <transcribed-name>Caodian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128097" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>蔡阳铺塘</name>        <transcribed-name>Caiyangputang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128094" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>资山店</name>        <transcribed-name>Zishandian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128109" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>邢家川</name>        <transcribed-name>Xingjiachuan</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128110" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>钱家冈</name>        <transcribed-name>Qianjiagang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128095" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>陈家店</name>        <transcribed-name>Chenjiadian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_128107" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>鹿头店塘</name>        <transcribed-name>Lutoudiantang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>    </subordinate-units>  </historical-context>  <data-source>CHGIS</data-source>  <source-note>    <![CDATA[      <html><body>湖北省数据（1911年）<br><br>湖北省的聚落数据依据《湖北舆地图》（光绪二十七年（1901年）石印本）。由于早期地图存在投影和定位精度问题，不能依据地图图像直接数字化。CHGIS项目使用转移定位法，对聚落位置作重新定位，重新定位的基础数字地图是采用中华人民共和国国家测绘局制作的“1:100万中国数字地图（国际版，1990年时点）（简称ArcChina）”。重新定位的主要依据是地名的延续性，《湖北舆地图》中标示的许多聚落在ArcChina的聚落数据（RESPT层）中，都有相同的名称，即同一个地点。此外，参照聚落与河流的位置关系，以及临近聚落之间的相对方位关系，最后确定湖北省1911年聚落的定位。1911年县界走向的主要依据有两个，1）聚落，聚落归属关系在《湖北舆地图》中已有明确标示，定位后的1911年聚落位置可以与ArcChina的县界数据（CNTY层）作比较，2）参考界县与河流及山脉等自然要素的相对关系，确定1911年县界在ArcChina底图上的位置，如果相同，则使用CNTY层数据，如果不相同，依据以上关系重新绘制。府级界线据县级界线合并而成，省级界线处理方法相同。《湖北舆地图》代表1901年前的政区设置，参考《清代政区沿革综表》（牛平汉主编，中国地图出版社出版，1990年）中湖北政区变化情况，同时参考《中国新舆图》（商务印书馆，民国二年（1913年））的政区设置和府界走向，对政区设置情况作了校对。</body></html>    ]]>  </source-note>  <source-uri>      </source-uri></placename>