<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><placename>  <system>China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University</system>  <license>CC BY-NC 4.0</license>  <uri>http://tgaz.fudan.edu.cn/tgaz/placename/hvd_113648</uri> <spellings>    <spelling>      <written-form script="traditional Chinese">清</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <written-form script="simplified Chinese">清</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <transcription system="Pinyin">Qing</transcription>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>  </spellings>  <feature-type>    <name>政权</name>    <alternate-name>政權</alternate-name>    <transcription>zheng quan</transcription>    <translation lang="en">independent regime</translation>  </feature-type>  <temporal>    <begin>1645</begin>    <begin-rule>3</begin-rule>    <end>1911</end>    <end-rule>3</end-rule>  </temporal>  <spatial>    <object-type>POINT</object-type>    <xy-type>point</xy-type>    <latitude-direction>N</latitude-direction>    <degrees-latitude>39.93143</degrees-latitude>    <longitude-direction>E</longitude-direction>    <degrees-longitude>116.36800</degrees-longitude>    <geo-source></geo-source>    <present-location> 北京市    </present-location>  </spatial>  <historical-context>    <part-of-relationships>    </part-of-relationships>    <subordinate-units>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_112106" from="1645" to="1911" >        <name>云南省</name>        <transcribed-name>Yunnan Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_112073" from="1645" to="1669" >        <name>京师（直隶）</name>        <transcribed-name>Jingshi（Zhili）</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_87648" from="1734" to="1734" >        <name>保定府</name>        <transcribed-name>Baoding  Fu</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_87649" from="1735" to="1911" >        <name>保定府</name>        <transcribed-name>Baoding  Fu</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_112084" from="1887" to="1893" >        <name>台湾省</name>        <transcribed-name>Taiwan Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_112085" from="1894" to="1895" >        <name>台湾省</name>        <transcribed-name>Taiwan Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_79294" from="1757" to="1906" >        <name>吉林</name>        <transcribed-name>Jilin</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_120022" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>吉林</name>        <transcribed-name>Jilin</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_112087" from="1757" to="1906" >        <name>吉林将军</name>        <transcribed-name>Jilin Jiangjun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_79292" from="1907" to="1911" >        <name>吉林省</name>        <transcribed-name>Jilin Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_71260" from="1725" to="1911" >        <name>商州直隶州</name>        <transcribed-name>Shang Zhou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_120019" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>四川</name>        <transcribed-name>Sichuan</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_112105" from="1645" to="1911" >        <name>四川省</name>        <transcribed-name>Sichuan Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_87779" from="1644" to="1724" >        <name>大名府</name>        <transcribed-name>Daming Fu</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_87780" from="1725" to="1911" >        <name>大名府</name>        <transcribed-name>Daming Fu</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_79324" from="1665" to="1746" >        <name>奉天</name>        <transcribed-name>Fengtian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_120021" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>奉天</name>        <transcribed-name>Fengtian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_112079" from="1665" to="1746" >        <name>奉天将军</name>        <transcribed-name>Fengtian Jiangjun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_79321" from="1906" to="1911" >        <name>奉天省</name>        <transcribed-name>Fengtian Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_112101" from="1907" to="1911" >        <name>奉天省</name>        <transcribed-name>Fengtian Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_112070" from="1662" to="1665" >        <name>宁古塔将军</name>        <transcribed-name>Ningguta Jiangjun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_112074" from="1666" to="1675" >        <name>宁古塔将军</name>        <transcribed-name>Ningguta Jiangjun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_112075" from="1676" to="1682" >        <name>宁古塔将军</name>        <transcribed-name>Ningguta Jiangjun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_112080" from="1683" to="1756" >        <name>宁古塔将军</name>        <transcribed-name>Ningguta Jiangjun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_112067" from="1653" to="1661" >        <name>宁古塔昂邦章京</name>        <transcribed-name>Ningguta Angbangzhangjing</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_98455" from="1667" to="1911" >        <name>安徽省</name>        <transcribed-name>Anhui Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_30304" from="1667" to="1759" >        <name>安徽省</name>        <transcribed-name>Anhui Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_112082" from="1760" to="1852" >        <name>安徽省</name>        <transcribed-name>Anhui Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_30305" from="1760" to="1911" >        <name>安徽省</name>        <transcribed-name>Anhui Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_112083" from="1853" to="1861" >        <name>安徽省</name>        <transcribed-name>Anhui Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_112089" from="1862" to="1911" >        <name>安徽省</name>        <transcribed-name>Anhui Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_115019" from="1723" to="1759" >        <name>安西直隶厅</name>        <transcribed-name>Anxizhiliting</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_112102" from="1644" to="1911" >        <name>山东省</name>        <transcribed-name>Shandong Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_112103" from="1644" to="1911" >        <name>山西省</name>        <transcribed-name>Shanxi Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_71163" from="1803" to="1911" >        <name>平利县</name>        <transcribed-name>Pingli Xian</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_30326" from="1645" to="1911" >        <name>广东省</name>        <transcribed-name>Guangdong Shen</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_98519" from="1645" to="1911" >        <name>广东省</name>        <transcribed-name>Guangdong Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_113700" from="1645" to="1911" >        <name>广西省</name>        <transcribed-name>Guanxi Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_120026" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>新疆</name>        <transcribed-name>Xinjiang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_113706" from="1667" to="1911" >        <name>新疆省</name>        <transcribed-name>Xinjiang Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_30034" from="1645" to="1666" >        <name>江南省</name>        <transcribed-name>Jiangnan Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_30035" from="1667" to="1911" >        <name>江苏省</name>        <transcribed-name>Jiangsu Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_98237" from="1645" to="1911" >        <name>江西省</name>        <transcribed-name>Jiangxi Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_30144" from="1645" to="1911" >        <name>江西省</name>        <transcribed-name>Jiangxi Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_112094" from="1644" to="1911" >        <name>河南省</name>        <transcribed-name>Henan Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_30015" from="1645" to="1911" >        <name>浙江省</name>        <transcribed-name>Zhejiang Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_112096" from="1667" to="1911" >        <name>湖北省</name>        <transcribed-name>Hubei Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_98240" from="1667" to="1725" >        <name>湖南省</name>        <transcribed-name>Hunan Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_112097" from="1667" to="1911" >        <name>湖南省</name>        <transcribed-name>Hunan Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_30161" from="1667" to="1911" >        <name>湖南省</name>        <transcribed-name>Hunan Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_98241" from="1726" to="1911" >        <name>湖南省</name>        <transcribed-name>Hunan Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_30325" from="1645" to="1666" >        <name>湖广省</name>        <transcribed-name>Huguang Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_98518" from="1645" to="1666" >        <name>湖广省</name>        <transcribed-name>Huguang Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_113704" from="1667" to="1911" >        <name>甘肃省</name>        <transcribed-name>Gansu Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_113703" from="1667" to="1669" >        <name>甘肃省</name>        <transcribed-name>Gansu Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_112057" from="1644" to="1644" >        <name>盛京内大臣</name>        <transcribed-name>Shengjingneidachen</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_112088" from="1747" to="1906" >        <name>盛京将军</name>        <transcribed-name>Shengjing Jiangjun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_112066" from="1646" to="1652" >        <name>盛京昂邦章京</name>        <transcribed-name>Shengjing Angbangzhangjing</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_112068" from="1653" to="1661" >        <name>盛京昂邦章京</name>        <transcribed-name>Shengjing Angbangzhangjing</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_112065" from="1645" to="1645" >        <name>盛京阿立哈大</name>        <transcribed-name>Shengjing Alihada</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_112093" from="1669" to="1911" >        <name>直隶省</name>        <transcribed-name>Zhili Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_30012" from="1645" to="1911" >        <name>福建省</name>        <transcribed-name>Fujian Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_112090" from="1645" to="1911" >        <name>福建省</name>        <transcribed-name>Fujian Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_112092" from="1645" to="1911" >        <name>贵州省</name>        <transcribed-name>Gui Zhou Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_79325" from="1662" to="1664" >        <name>辽东</name>        <transcribed-name>Liaodong</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_112069" from="1662" to="1664" >        <name>辽东将军</name>        <transcribed-name>Liaodong Jiangjun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_112104" from="1644" to="1911" >        <name>陕西省</name>        <transcribed-name>Shanxi Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_79254" from="1699" to="1905" >        <name>黑龙江</name>        <transcribed-name>Heilongjiang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_120020" from="1911" to="1911" >        <name>黑龙江</name>        <transcribed-name>Heilongjiang</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_112076" from="1683" to="1683" >        <name>黑龙江将军</name>        <transcribed-name>Heilongjiang Jiangjun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_112077" from="1684" to="1684" >        <name>黑龙江将军</name>        <transcribed-name>Heilongjiang Jiangjun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_112078" from="1685" to="1698" >        <name>黑龙江将军</name>        <transcribed-name>Heilongjiang Jiangjun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_112086" from="1699" to="1906" >        <name>黑龙江将军</name>        <transcribed-name>Heilongjiang Jiangjun</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_79246" from="1906" to="1911" >        <name>黑龙江省</name>        <transcribed-name>Heilongjiang Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_112095" from="1907" to="1911" >        <name>黑龙江省</name>        <transcribed-name>Heilongjiang Sheng</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>    </subordinate-units>  </historical-context>  <data-source>CHGIS</data-source>  <source-note>    <![CDATA[          ]]>  </source-note>  <source-uri>      </source-uri></placename>