<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><placename>  <system>China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University</system>  <license>CC BY-NC 4.0</license>  <uri>http://tgaz.fudan.edu.cn/tgaz/placename/hvd_113625</uri> <spellings>    <spelling>      <written-form script="traditional Chinese">後唐</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <written-form script="simplified Chinese">后唐</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <transcription system="Pinyin">Houtang</transcription>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>  </spellings>  <feature-type>    <name>政权</name>    <alternate-name>政權</alternate-name>    <transcription>zheng quan</transcription>    <translation lang="en">independent regime</translation>  </feature-type>  <temporal>    <begin>923</begin>    <begin-rule>3</begin-rule>    <end>935</end>    <end-rule>3</end-rule>  </temporal>  <spatial>    <object-type>POINT</object-type>    <xy-type>point</xy-type>    <latitude-direction>N</latitude-direction>    <degrees-latitude>34.66528</degrees-latitude>    <longitude-direction>E</longitude-direction>    <degrees-longitude>112.38263</degrees-longitude>    <geo-source></geo-source>    <present-location> 河南省洛阳市    </present-location>  </spatial>  <historical-context>    <part-of-relationships>    </part-of-relationships>    <subordinate-units>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111714" from="923" to="924" >        <name>东京留守</name>        <transcribed-name>Dongjing Liushou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111778" from="923" to="935" >        <name>义成军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Yichengjun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111870" from="923" to="935" >        <name>义武军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Yiwujun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111790" from="923" to="935" >        <name>保大军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Baodajun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111721" from="929" to="929" >        <name>保宁军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Baoningjun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111805" from="932" to="933" >        <name>保宁军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Baoningjun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111806" from="925" to="933" >        <name>保胜军防御使</name>        <transcribed-name>Baoshengjun Fangyushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_87771" from="923" to="935" >        <name>兴唐府</name>        <transcribed-name>Xingtang  Fu</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_87771" from="936" to="936" >        <name>兴唐府</name>        <transcribed-name>Xingtang  Fu</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_88068" from="923" to="935" >        <name>冀州</name>        <transcribed-name>Ji Zhou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111788" from="923" to="935" >        <name>凤翔节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Fengxiang Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111772" from="923" to="935" >        <name>匡国军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Kuangguojun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111735" from="923" to="935" >        <name>后唐东都</name>        <transcribed-name>Houtangdongdu</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111735" from="936" to="937" >        <name>后唐东都</name>        <transcribed-name>Houtangdongdu</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111757" from="923" to="935" >        <name>后唐北都</name>        <transcribed-name>Houtangbeidu</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111731" from="923" to="935" >        <name>大同军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Datongjun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111731" from="936" to="936" >        <name>大同军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Datongjun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111775" from="923" to="935" >        <name>天平军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Tianpingjun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111733" from="926" to="935" >        <name>天雄军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Tianxiongjun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111733" from="936" to="937" >        <name>天雄军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Tianxiongjun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_94213" from="923" to="935" >        <name>太原府</name>        <transcribed-name>Taiyuan Fu</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111727" from="924" to="935" >        <name>威塞军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Weisaijun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111727" from="936" to="936" >        <name>威塞军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Weisaijun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111758" from="923" to="935" >        <name>威胜军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Weishengjun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111813" from="927" to="933" >        <name>宁江军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Ningjiangjun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111718" from="923" to="925" >        <name>安义军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Anyijun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111841" from="923" to="935" >        <name>安国军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Anguojun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111739" from="923" to="935" >        <name>安远军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Anyuanjun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_87854" from="923" to="935" >        <name>定州</name>        <transcribed-name>Ding Zhou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_87854" from="936" to="936" >        <name>定州</name>        <transcribed-name>Ding Zhou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111791" from="923" to="935" >        <name>定难军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Dingnanjun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111734" from="923" to="935" >        <name>宣武军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Xuanwujun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111734" from="936" to="937" >        <name>宣武军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Xuanwujun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_94221" from="923" to="935" >        <name>宪州</name>        <transcribed-name>Xian Zhou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111799" from="925" to="933" >        <name>山南西道节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Shannanxidao Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111744" from="923" to="935" >        <name>平卢军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Pinglujun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111725" from="923" to="933" >        <name>应天军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Yingtianjun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111861" from="923" to="935" >        <name>建雄军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Jianxiongjun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111815" from="923" to="935" >        <name>归德军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Guidejun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111776" from="923" to="935" >        <name>彰义军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Zhangyijun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111732" from="926" to="935" >        <name>彰国军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Zhangguojun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111732" from="936" to="936" >        <name>彰国军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Zhangguojun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111796" from="923" to="935" >        <name>彰武军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Zhangwujun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111783" from="923" to="935" >        <name>忠武军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Zhongwujun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_94220" from="923" to="935" >        <name>忻州</name>        <transcribed-name>Xin Zhou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_94130" from="923" to="935" >        <name>慈州</name>        <transcribed-name>Ci Zhou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111740" from="923" to="935" >        <name>成德军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Chengdejun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111863" from="923" to="935" >        <name>护国军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Huguojun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111670" from="923" to="935" >        <name>振武军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Zhenwujun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_88285" from="923" to="935" >        <name>易州</name>        <transcribed-name>Yi Zhou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111847" from="926" to="935" >        <name>昭义军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Zhaoyijun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111804" from="925" to="933" >        <name>昭武军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Zhaowujun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_94227" from="923" to="935" >        <name>晋州</name>        <transcribed-name>Jin Zhou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_88037" from="923" to="935" >        <name>景州</name>        <transcribed-name>Jing Zhou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111846" from="923" to="935" >        <name>横海军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Henghaijun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111811" from="925" to="933" >        <name>武信军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Wuxinjun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111724" from="923" to="931" >        <name>武兴军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Wuxingjun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111816" from="923" to="935" >        <name>武宁军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Wuningjun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111800" from="925" to="933" >        <name>武定军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Wudingjun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111810" from="925" to="933" >        <name>武德军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Wudejun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111795" from="923" to="935" >        <name>永平军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Yongpingjun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111803" from="925" to="933" >        <name>汉州防御使</name>        <transcribed-name>Hanzhou Fangyushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_94235" from="923" to="935" >        <name>汾州</name>        <transcribed-name>Fen Zhou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111781" from="923" to="935" >        <name>河阳节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Heyang Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111759" from="923" to="935" >        <name>泰宁军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Tainingjun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_94065" from="923" to="935" >        <name>泽州</name>        <transcribed-name>Ze Zhou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_87893" from="923" to="935" >        <name>洺州</name>        <transcribed-name>Ming Zhou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_87893" from="936" to="936" >        <name>洺州</name>        <transcribed-name>Ming Zhou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111719" from="923" to="926" >        <name>清怀军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Qinghuaijun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111801" from="925" to="933" >        <name>渠巴开团练观察使</name>        <transcribed-name>Qubakai Tuanlianguanchashi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_94091" from="923" to="935" >        <name>潞州</name>        <transcribed-name>Lu Zhou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_87826" from="923" to="935" >        <name>澶州</name>        <transcribed-name>Chan Zhou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_87826" from="936" to="936" >        <name>澶州</name>        <transcribed-name>Chan Zhou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_88379" from="923" to="935" >        <name>真定府</name>        <transcribed-name>Zhending Fu</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_94234" from="923" to="935" >        <name>石州</name>        <transcribed-name>Shi Zhou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_87975" from="923" to="935" >        <name>礠州</name>        <transcribed-name>Ci Zhou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_87721" from="924" to="935" >        <name>祁州</name>        <transcribed-name>Qi Zhou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_87721" from="936" to="936" >        <name>祁州</name>        <transcribed-name>Qi Zhou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_94108" from="924" to="935" >        <name>绛州</name>        <transcribed-name>Jiang Zhou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111807" from="925" to="933" >        <name>绵州防御使</name>        <transcribed-name>Mianzhou Fangyushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111726" from="925" to="934" >        <name>西川节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Xichuan Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_87947" from="923" to="935" >        <name>贝州</name>        <transcribed-name>Bei Zhou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_87947" from="936" to="936" >        <name>贝州</name>        <transcribed-name>Bei Zhou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_88135" from="923" to="935" >        <name>邢州</name>        <transcribed-name>Xing Zhou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111717" from="925" to="925" >        <name>邺都留守</name>        <transcribed-name>Yedu Liushou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111767" from="923" to="935" >        <name>镇国军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Zhenguojun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_94231" from="923" to="935" >        <name>隰州</name>        <transcribed-name>Xi Zhou</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111798" from="925" to="935" >        <name>雄武军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Xiongwujun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111787" from="923" to="935" >        <name>静难军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Jingnanjun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111794" from="923" to="935" >        <name>顺义军节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Shunyijun Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>      <subordinate-unit sys-id="hvd_111809" from="925" to="933" >        <name>龙剑节度使</name>        <transcribed-name>Longjian Jiedushi</transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>    </subordinate-units>  </historical-context>  <data-source>CHGIS</data-source>  <source-note>    <![CDATA[          ]]>  </source-note>  <source-uri>      </source-uri></placename>