{
"system" : "China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University",
"license" : "CC BY-NC 4.0",
"uri" : "http://tgaz.fudan.edu.cn/tgaz/placename/hvd_32811",
"sys_id" : "hvd_32811",
"sys_id of alternate" : "",
"spellings" : [
{
"written form" : "長沙國",
"script" : "traditional Chinese",
"exonym language" : "",
"attested by" : "",
"note" : ""
},
{
"written form" : "长沙国",
"script" : "simplified Chinese",
"exonym language" : "",
"attested by" : "",
"note" : ""
},
{
"written form" : "Changsha Guo",
"transcribed in" : "Pinyin",
"attested by" : "",
"note" : ""
}
],
"feature_type" : {
"name" : "侯国",
"alternate name" : "侯國",
"transcription" : "hou guo",
"English" : "marquisate"
},
"temporal" : {
"begin" : "-202",
"begin rule" : "4",
"end" : "-158",
"end rule" : "4"
},
"spatial" : {
"object_type" : "POINT",
"xy_type" : "point",
"latitude" : "28.19820",
"longitude" : "112.97813",
"source" : "FROM_AC",
"present_location" : [
{
"country code" : "cn",
"text" : "湖南长沙市城区",
"source" : "Fudan",
"attestation" : ""
}
]
},
"historical_context" : {
"part of" : [
{
"begin year" : "-202",
"end year" : "-158",
"parent id" : "hvd_113652",
"name" : "西汉",
"transcribed" : "Xihan"
}
],
"subordinate units" : [
{
"begin_year" : "-202",
"end_year" : "-158",
"child id" : "hvd_43439",
"name" : "下隽县",
"transcribed" : "Xiajuan Xian"
},
{
"begin_year" : "-157",
"end_year" : "13",
"child id" : "hvd_43439",
"name" : "下隽县",
"transcribed" : "Xiajuan Xian"
},
{
"begin_year" : "-202",
"end_year" : "-158",
"child id" : "hvd_41904",
"name" : "临沅县",
"transcribed" : "Linyuan Xian"
},
{
"begin_year" : "-202",
"end_year" : "-158",
"child id" : "hvd_41714",
"name" : "临湘县",
"transcribed" : "Linxiang Xian"
},
{
"begin_year" : "-194",
"end_year" : "-158",
"child id" : "hvd_41686",
"name" : "便侯国",
"transcribed" : "Bian Houguo"
},
{
"begin_year" : "-202",
"end_year" : "-158",
"child id" : "hvd_43709",
"name" : "华容县",
"transcribed" : "Huarong Xian"
},
{
"begin_year" : "-202",
"end_year" : "-158",
"child id" : "hvd_42005",
"name" : "夫夷县",
"transcribed" : "Fuyi Xian"
},
{
"begin_year" : "-202",
"end_year" : "-158",
"child id" : "hvd_43694",
"name" : "孱陵县",
"transcribed" : "Canling Xian"
},
{
"begin_year" : "-202",
"end_year" : "-158",
"child id" : "hvd_40930",
"name" : "安成县",
"transcribed" : "Ancheng Xian"
},
{
"begin_year" : "-201",
"end_year" : "-158",
"child id" : "hvd_40961",
"name" : "宜春县",
"transcribed" : "Yichun Xian"
},
{
"begin_year" : "-202",
"end_year" : "-158",
"child id" : "hvd_43495",
"name" : "州陵县",
"transcribed" : "Zhouling Xian"
},
{
"begin_year" : "-201",
"end_year" : "-158",
"child id" : "hvd_41215",
"name" : "建成县",
"transcribed" : "Jiancheng Xian"
},
{
"begin_year" : "-202",
"end_year" : "-158",
"child id" : "hvd_41879",
"name" : "承阳县",
"transcribed" : "Chengyang Xian"
},
{
"begin_year" : "-202",
"end_year" : "-158",
"child id" : "hvd_42013",
"name" : "昭陵县",
"transcribed" : "Zhaoling Xian"
},
{
"begin_year" : "-202",
"end_year" : "-158",
"child id" : "hvd_41953",
"name" : "泠道县",
"transcribed" : "Lingdao Xian"
},
{
"begin_year" : "-202",
"end_year" : "-158",
"child id" : "hvd_41777",
"name" : "湘南县",
"transcribed" : "Xiangnan Xian"
},
{
"begin_year" : "-202",
"end_year" : "-158",
"child id" : "hvd_41755",
"name" : "益阳县",
"transcribed" : "Yiyang Xian"
},
{
"begin_year" : "-202",
"end_year" : "-158",
"child id" : "hvd_41900",
"name" : "索县",
"transcribed" : "Suo Xian"
},
{
"begin_year" : "-202",
"end_year" : "-158",
"child id" : "hvd_41775",
"name" : "罗县",
"transcribed" : "Luo Xian"
},
{
"begin_year" : "-202",
"end_year" : "-158",
"child id" : "hvd_41848",
"name" : "耒阳县",
"transcribed" : "Leiyang Xian"
},
{
"begin_year" : "-202",
"end_year" : "-158",
"child id" : "hvd_42001",
"name" : "舂陵县",
"transcribed" : "Chongling Xian"
},
{
"begin_year" : "-202",
"end_year" : "-158",
"child id" : "hvd_41980",
"name" : "营浦县",
"transcribed" : "Yingpu Xian"
},
{
"begin_year" : "-202",
"end_year" : "-158",
"child id" : "hvd_43780",
"name" : "观阳县",
"transcribed" : "Guanyang Xian"
},
{
"begin_year" : "-202",
"end_year" : "-158",
"child id" : "hvd_41776",
"name" : "连道县",
"transcribed" : "Liandao Xian"
},
{
"begin_year" : "-202",
"end_year" : "-158",
"child id" : "hvd_41877",
"name" : "酃县",
"transcribed" : "Ling Xian"
},
{
"begin_year" : "-184",
"end_year" : "-177",
"child id" : "hvd_41724",
"name" : "醴陵侯国",
"transcribed" : "Ling Houguo"
},
{
"begin_year" : "-202",
"end_year" : "-158",
"child id" : "hvd_41836",
"name" : "阳山县",
"transcribed" : "Yangshan Xian"
},
{
"begin_year" : "-202",
"end_year" : "-158",
"child id" : "hvd_43712",
"name" : "高成县",
"transcribed" : "Gaocheng Xian"
}
],
"preceded by" : [
{
"preceded by id" : "hvd_32810",
"name" : "长沙郡",
"transcribed" : "Changsha Jun"
}
]
},
"data source" : "CHGIS",
"source note" : "长沙国（前202年-前158年）治所和界线
西汉高帝五年（前202年）废长沙郡置。⑴治临湘县（今湖南长沙市城区）。辖境约南至九嶷山，北近汉水。⑵领桂阳、武陵二郡。文帝后元七年（前157年），长沙王无后，国废，⑶直辖地改置长沙郡。
与前一时期相比，主要是析置桂阳郡，南部界线有较大变化。
按：《汉书·地理志》长沙国有安成、容陵、攸、茶陵4县，《续汉书·郡国志》长沙郡有攸、荼陵、安城、容陵等4县。是此4县确曾属长沙国（郡）。但此4县是何时由豫章郡、桂阳郡改属长沙国，很难考证。周振鹤《西汉政区地理》：“此四侯国理应别属汉郡，史籍既无益地长沙的记载，似不应回属长沙国，颇疑《汉志》有误。”现在因难以考证，暂将这四个侯国的变化，在图上不予反映，视作一直在长沙国内。
东界：
北段约在今江西省南昌、清江、吉安等市县以西，南段当以罗霄山脉、即今江西与湖南间省界为界，大至南到今湖南酃县境止。
南界：
西段仍旧，没有变动。周振鹤《西汉政区地理》：“元鼎六年，南越平。在此以前，桂阳郡与南越以阳山关为界（据《南越列传》，南越之北界有横浦、阳山、湟溪三关）。长沙马王堆汉墓出土的古地图使吴姓长沙国南界，亦即桂阳郡南界更加明确：西起秦汉零陵县西南，东南行经灵渠，越海阳山，都庞岭，从今江永县治之南循今湘桂省界南折东，又东经连县南抵秦汉阳山关折东北穿乐昌峡，折东循今湘粤省界（参见谭其骧《马王堆汉墓出土地图说明的几个历史地理问题》）。”（人民出版社，127页）约在今广西壮族自治区兴安县南，向东南接湖南省南界，接桂阳郡界。
东段即桂阳郡北界，桂阳郡北界从西向东先后设有营浦、南平、郴县等县。因舂陵县在今湖南宁远县治北柏家坪镇，泠道县治所在今湖南蓝山县西北祠堂圩乡。故西部界线当在今宁远县北部一线。故界线当在今宁远县北部一线，向东经今嘉禾、桂阳以北，经今永兴、郴州之间，又东北向经郴县北，复折东至今湖南酃县南界止。
西界：
南段，汉武帝元鼎六年（前111年）分桂阳郡置零陵郡，而桂阳郡又是析长沙国置。因此长沙国西界当即汉武帝元鼎六年的零陵郡西界，即零陵郡始安、都梁等县的西界。始安县治所在今广西壮族自治区桂林市区，都梁县治所在今湖南武冈县治所东七里桥。因此，界线当在今广西兴安、湖南武冈、隆回等县以西。南端在今广西壮族自治区境内，具体界线走向待考。
北段即武陵郡东界，在资水流域与沅水流域之间。因临沅县地当时属于长沙国，故本阶段的武陵郡最东的一个县为零阳县（治所在今湖南慈利县驻地东侧）。东汉时，在今湖南桃源县驻地东侧建有沅南县，但此沅南县之区域原属何县，未见史料记载。参考本地区的地形，暂以清代桃源县、石门县东界为武陵郡的东界。向西南，为武陵县（今常德市）与益阳县、安化县界。光绪《湖南通志》武陵县图在县南界有九龙山，《湖南古今地名辞典》之《常德市市区地名图》（282页）在县南界亦有九龙山，古今界线当同。又西南，为桃源县与安化县界，界线沿山脉走向而成。光绪《湖南通志》桃源县南有乌云界在界线上，《湖南省地图册》桃源县幅在县南界线上也有乌云界，高1028米。参考山脉南北两侧水系走向，此段界线古今相同。向南，当以雪峰山脉为界。
北界：
周振鹤《西汉政区地理》：“华容与州陵《汉志》皆南郡属县，纬度与高城差不多，《汉书·诸侯王表·序》云：‘波汉之阳，亘九嶷，为长沙。’华容、州陵二县地颇近汉水，或可与波阳之阳冥合。”（人民出版社，125页）因此，界线当在今湖北沙市以南一带，待详考。
⑴西汉·司马迁：《史记》卷28下《地理志八下》：“长沙国，秦郡，高帝五年为国。”（北京，中华书局1959年顾颉刚等校点本，第6册，第1639页）
⑵周振鹤著：《西汉政区地理》第10章《长沙国沿革》：“《汉书·诸侯王表·序》云：‘波汉之阳，亘九嶷，为长沙。’约略画出了长沙国的南北界。九嶷山在《汉志》零陵郡营道县，是南界；北界波汉之阳则不易理解，师古曰：‘波汉之阳者，循汉水而往也，水北曰阳。’然长沙国似不得北至汉水之阳，但距汉水不远是可能的（详第二节）；长沙国西界当在《汉志》武陵郡西部无阳、迁陵一线；东界则与景帝二年刘发的长沙国一样，应至《汉志》豫章郡建成县一带，建成本为长沙王子侯国。”（北京，人民出版社，1987年，第120页）
⑶西汉·司马迁：《史记》卷17《汉兴以来诸侯王年表第五》：文帝后元七年，“来朝。薨，无后，国除。”（北京，中华书局1959年顾颉刚等校点本，第3册，第838页）
周振鹤著：《西汉政区地理》第10章《长沙国沿革》：“文帝后元七年，长沙王无后，国除为长沙、桂阳、武陵三郡。”（北京，人民出版社，1987年，第122页）",
"source uri" : ""
}